Anonymous: Triptych with the 14 Holy Helpers (around 1500); Bode Museum, Berlin)



The 14 Holy Helpers – Episode 1
Readers of this page are used by now to compact stories on great individual works of art. The group of art history enthusiasts writing them is now also developing various serial subjects. Each of these will share a common theme, divided over different artists, styles, periods or materials. 

This episode introduces the first series:
The triptych in the Berlin Bode-museum was produced in a South German workshop around 1500. While the gilded wood-carving of its majestic central panel and its painted wings concentrate on a limited number of saints dedicated to a local church, donor family or guild, our attention is caught by the image on the predella – the painted base along the frame at the bottom of the altarpiece. Here we see what looks like a team photo of 14 additional figures, divided in two equal groups and positioned between a parapet and a blue and gold backdrop. There are women as well as men, all of them personalized by their dress or by the attributes displayed in their hands and on the parapet in the foreground. All are saints, as their haloed heads testify.
It is a representation of the ‘14 holy helpers’ – a collective of saints, venerated together, whose intercession was believed to cure specific diseases. These Nothelfer (‘helpers in need’) originated in the 14th century, initially as a result of the Black Death that ravaged the country. Popular belief soon added other specialist saints to ensure maximum ‘health insurance’ coverage (and to economize on praying time).

In a next episode we will focus on particular healing skills of individual holy helpers, using a different example and starting with St. Vitus. In the Bode predella, he is the boy-saint in the third place from the right, proudly pointing at the attribute of his martyrdom: a kettle filled with boiling oil.

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